Presently,Rare earth elements are relatively plentiful and valuable in the earth's crust, with cerium being the 25th most abundant element at 68 parts per million. This makes it as abundant as copper. Because of their geochemical properties, rare earth elements are typically dispersed. It means they are often found in concentrated enough clusters to make them viable to mine. It was the scarcity of these minerals that led to them being called rare earths. Rare earths are categorised into light elements (lanthanum to samarium) and heavy elements (europium to lutetium). The latter are less common and consequently much more expensive.

Overall, the extensive use of NdFeB DC motors allows several kg of weight reduction per car.

EXAMPLES OF PRODUCTS THAT USE RARE EARTHS:

North America and Europe are expected to witness substantial market growth in light of increasing use in the healthcare industryfor the manufacturing of bioceramic coatings used in implants. These coatings are both biocompatible and corrosion resistant, making them ideally suited for use in the application. The replacement of hard chrome by thermal spray coating in various aerospace and automotive applications is expected to result in high growth over the forecast period.

Globally, China represents the largest producer and consumer of NdFeB and SmCo magnets, possibly due to well-diversified and increasing industrial applications. Government initiatives to promote green technologies in order to decrease carbon emissions are also expected to drive the global rare earth magnets market in the coming years.

Direct hydrolysis is the reaction of aluminum with water directly, aluminum hydroxide, the hydrolysis process in fully enclosed organic lined environment,do not add any catalysts. This method can make the alumina 4N and 5N . At present,Guangzhou Kincaid is using this production method .

pan(Sumitomo),America,Germany,China (CrownRe Innovative Materials Inc.) main adopt the method thoughit is dangerous and high-cost ?The only answer is high purity, which can make sure that the high purity alumina will growing sapphire wafer with high quality.

The electrical, thermal, mechanical and chemical properties of plasma sprayed ceramic coatings enable them to reduce part costs, increase product performance and lifetimes, and lower maintenance cycle times in a number of applications.

Alpha α-alumina (also called Sapphire) crystal is the most popular form of crystalline aluminium oxide and has a corundum structure. Sapphire is the hardest of all oxide crystals, has good thermal properties, excellent electrical and dielectric properties, and is resistant to chemical attack. The Al atoms are octahedrally coordinated by six oxygen atoms. The oxygen ions nearly form a hexagonal close-packed structure with aluminium ions (Al3+) filling two-thirds of the octahedral interstices. Each Al3+ center is octahedral.

Since sapphire is electrically an insulator, vertical-architecture LED chips are made by removing the sapphire from the chips once the epi process is finished. GaN and SiC substrates can be made conductive, thanks to precise injections of active ions. SiC, GaN, zinc oxide (ZnO) and silicon (Si) substrates are considered as the future LED substrates, thanks to low lattice mismatches.

Glass polishing when the use of polishing powder, the first important thing is to clean the glass, polishing before the preparation work, polishing attention to careful operation, the heart polishing, pay attention to concentration, skilled operation, so as to throw better glass, for the use of polished powder, more can learn from the above considerations.